International Trade in Turkey - 2333 Words

International trade in Turkey December 2012 Summary :Turkey at a glance......................................................3Economy of Turkey....................................................3International Trade - now and then.........................4Exports........................................................................5Imports.......................................................................7Trade balance.............................................................8Trade agreements and policies.................................8International Trade strategy...................................10Conclusion................................................................11 Turkey at a glanceTurkey, officially known as†¦show more content†¦Turkey is the largest producer and exporter of agricultural products in the Near East and North Africa region and ranks seventh worldwide in farm output. The European Union is by far Turkey s leading customer (56.4% of Turkish exports), followed by the United States, China and Iraq. In total, Turkey’s international trade amounted to $334.7 billion or 45.9% of its overall GDP. This compares with roughly 25% for the U.S. and 60% for Canada. Exports The main principle of export is to allow the goods that are in free circulation to leave Turkey for export purposes.The export regime of Turkey is managed by the Undersecretariat of Foreign Trade (General Directorate for Exports). A major role is also played by the Export Promotion Centre of Turkey. Turkey exports were worth 13013 Million USD in September of 2012. Historically, from 1984 until 2012, Turkey Exports averaged 3809.8 USD Million reaching an all time high of 13246.7 USD Million in June of 2012 and a record low of 437.0 USD Million in July of 1984. Turkey is the world’s 31st biggest exporter. Turkey’s major export products include clothes, electronics, automobiles and agricultural products. Other major products exported from Turkey include iron and steel, mineral fuels and oil, preciousShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of International Trade On The Development Of New Technology1494 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction International trade has evolved and expanded significantly in the last 50 years. The expansion in trade has been driven by a reduction in trade barriers and the development of new technology. This has reduced the cost of communication and transport. Outward-looking policies have replaced protectionism policies and have led to the increased openness in markets and free trade. 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Noble Cause Corruption Essay - 1427 Words

People who do bad things some of which are illegal and some legal for the purpose of accomplishing good ends are guilty of â€Å"Noble-cause corruption.† It usually occurs in circumstances where there is little chance of being held accountable. This happens most often with police work when people think that they can get away or hide these illegal This doesnt necessarily mean that there arent laws against the action (though sometimes there arent), but the individual who commits noble cause corruption either cant be held accountable or believes he or she wont be held accountable. Noble cause â€Å"is a moral commitment to make the world a safer place to live. Put simply, it is getting the bad guys off the streets. Police are trained and†¦show more content†¦There are many effects on noble-cause corruption in police organizations and in any other complex organizations in our society. When dealing with criminals and/or other police associates you have to have cer tain values and beliefs. Generally these include the following qualities; â€Å"honesty, integrity, fairness, loyalty, kindness, courage, generosity, compassion, doing good, doing right, and unselfishness.† Without these qualities your unit or police force may see the effects of noble cause corruption. Noble-cause corruption can generally seep through the criminal justice system without anyone saying or doing anything about it. Police officers may or may not actively support noble-cause corruption. Sometimes when officers become aware of corrupt or illegal forms of misconduct, they are inclined to â€Å"turn a blind eye or look the other way.† It puts their fellow officers in a very difficult position, most officers tend to think that if they turn away and ignore it and do not acknowledge what is going on that they are not part of the misconduct or illegal activity. 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Computer Crime (1508 words) Essay Example For Students

Computer Crime (1508 words) Essay Computer CrimeIts the weekend, you have nothing to do so you decide to ?lay around on your computer. You turn it on and then start up, youstart calling people with your modem, connecting to another world,with people just like you at a button press away. This is all finebut what happens when you start getting into other peoples computerfiles. Then it becomes a crime, but what is a computer crime really, obviously it involves the use of a computer but what are these crimes. Well they are: Hacking, Phreaking, ; Software Piracy.To begin I will start with Hacking, what is hacking. Hacking is basically using your computer to Hack your way into another. Theyuse programs called scanners which randomly dials numbers anygenerating tones or carriers are recorded. These numbers are lookedat by hackers and then used again, when the hacker calls up the number and gets on hes presented with a logon prompt, this is where thehacking really begins, the hacker tries to bypass this anyway he knows how t o and tries to gain access to the system. Why do they do it,well lets go to a book and see Avid young computer hackers in theirpreteens and teens are frequently involved in computer crimes thattake the form of trespassing, invasion of privacy, or vandalism.Quite often they are mearly out for a fun and games evening, and they get entangled in the illegal use of their machines without realizingthe full import of what they are doing , I have a hard time believing that so lets see what a hacker has to say about what he does Justas they were enthraled with their pursuit of information, so are we.The thrill of the hack is not in breaking the law, its in the pursuit and capture of knowledge. , as you can see the hacker doesnt goout to do destroy things although some do. Its in the pursuit ofknowledge. Of course this is still against the law. But where did all of this start, MIT is where hacking started the people there wouldlearn and explore computer systems all around the world. In the vi ews of professional hacking is like drugs or any other addictivesubstance, its an addiction for the mind and once started its difficult to stop. This could be true, as hackers know what they are doing is wrong and they know odds are they will be caught. But as Imentioned some hackers are just above average criminals, using thereskills to break in banks and other places where they can get money, or where they can destroy information. What a hacker does at a bank istake a few cents or even a few fractions of a cents from manydifferent accounts this may seem like nothing but when all compiledcan be alot. A stick up robber averages about $8,000 each job, and he has to put his life and personal freedom on the line to do it while the computer hacker in the comfort of his own living room averages$500,000 a job. As for people destroying information, this is fortaking some one down, destruction of data could end a business whichfor some is very attractive. It can cost a company thousands of dollars to restore the damage done.Now that you have an understanding of what a hacker is, it timeto move on to someone closely associates with a hacker. This is aPhreak, but what is that. For the answer we turn to the what is known as the Official Phreakers Manual Phreak 1. The action of using mischievous and mostly illegal ways inorder to not pay for some sort of telecommunications bill, order, transfer, or other service. It often involves usage ofhighly illegal boxes and machines in order to defeat thesecurity that is set up to avoid this sort of happening.v. 2. A person who uses the above methods of destruction andchaos in order to make a better life for all. A true phreakerwill not go against his fellows or narc on people who have ragged on him or do anything termed to be dishonourable to phreaks.n. 3. A certain code or dialup useful in the action of being aphreak. (Example: I hacked a new metro phreak last night.)The latter 2 ideas of what a phreak is, is rather weird. A Phre aklike the hacker likes to explore and experiment, however his choice of exploring is not other computer but the phone system as a whole. Phreaks explore the phone system finding many different ways to dothings, most often make free calls. Why do they do this, A hackerand phreaker will have need to use telephone systems much more than an average individual, therefore, methods which can be used to avoid toll charges are in order. . A phreak has two basic ways of making freecalls, he can call up codes or PBXs on his phone and then enter a codeand make his call or he can use Electronic Toll Fraud Devices. Codesare rather easy to get the phreak will scan for them, but unlike a hackerwill only save the tone(s) number instead of the carrier(s). Then he willattempt to hack the code to use it, these codes range from numbers 0 9and can be any length, although most are not more than 10. ElectronicToll Fraud Devices are known as Boxes in the underground. Most are thesize of a pack of smokes , or than can be smaller or bigger. I will notgo too deep. They are electronic devices than do various things, suchas make outgoing calls free, make incoming calls free, simulate coinsdropping in a phone, etc. People who Phreak are caught alot thesedays thanks to the new technology.Software Piracy is the most common computer crime, it is theillegal coping of software. People wouldnt think of shopliftingsoftware from a retail store, but dont think twice about going homeand making several illegal copies of the same software. and this is true because I myself am guilty of this. The major problem is notpeople going out and buying the software then making copies for everyone, its the Bulletin Boards that cater to pirating software,that really cause the problem. On anyone one of these boards one can find an upwards of 300 1000+ of pirated software open for anyone to take. This is a problem and nothing can really be done about it. Few arrests are made in this area of computer crime.I will now devote a brief section to the above mentioned BBS , most are legal and do nothing wrong. However there are many more that do accept pirated software, pornographic pictures, animations , andtexts. As well as a trading area for phone codes, other BBS, CreditCard numbers, etc. This is where a majority of Hackers and Phreakscome, as well as those who continue to pirate software come to meetand share stories. In this is a new world, where you can do anything, there are groups that get, crack, and courier software all over theworld some of them are called:INC: International Network Of Crackers, THG: The Humble Guys, TDT: The Dream Team. As well a number of other groups have followed suit such as Phalcon/SKISM (Smart Kids Into Sick Methods), NuKE, and YAM(Youngsters Against McAfee) these are virus groups who write and courier their work anywhere they can, they just send it somewhere,where anyone can take it and use it in any manner they wish, such asgetting even with someone. All of t hese activities are illegal butnothing can be done, the people running these boards know what theyare doing. As it stands right now, the BBS world is in two partsPirating and the Underground, which consists ofHackers/Phreaks/Anarchists/Carders(Credit Card Fraud)/Virusprogrammers. All have different boards and offer a variety ofinformation on virtually any subject.Well from all of this reading you just did you should have afairly good idea of what computer crime is. I didnt mention it inthe sections but the police, phone companies are arresting andstopping alot of things every day. With the new technology today itis easier to catch these criminals then it was before. With the exception of the BBS the police have made some major blows busting a few BBS, arresting hackers and phreaks. All of which were very looked up to for knowledge in their areas of specialty. If I had more time I could go into these arrests but I must finish by saying that these are real crimes and the sentences are getting harsher, with alot of theolder people getting out the newer people are getting arrested andbeing made examples of. This will deter alot of would-be computercriminal away. .u6bc23c62fd45de7aef17c6acf7e2ce16 , .u6bc23c62fd45de7aef17c6acf7e2ce16 .postImageUrl , .u6bc23c62fd45de7aef17c6acf7e2ce16 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6bc23c62fd45de7aef17c6acf7e2ce16 , .u6bc23c62fd45de7aef17c6acf7e2ce16:hover , .u6bc23c62fd45de7aef17c6acf7e2ce16:visited , .u6bc23c62fd45de7aef17c6acf7e2ce16:active { border:0!important; } .u6bc23c62fd45de7aef17c6acf7e2ce16 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6bc23c62fd45de7aef17c6acf7e2ce16 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6bc23c62fd45de7aef17c6acf7e2ce16:active , .u6bc23c62fd45de7aef17c6acf7e2ce16:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6bc23c62fd45de7aef17c6acf7e2ce16 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6bc23c62fd45de7aef17c6acf7e2ce16 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6bc23c62fd45de7aef17c6acf7e2ce16 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6bc23c62fd45de7aef17c6acf7e2ce16 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6bc23c62fd45de7aef17c6acf7e2ce16:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6bc23c62fd45de7aef17c6acf7e2ce16 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6bc23c62fd45de7aef17c6acf7e2ce16 .u6bc23c62fd45de7aef17c6acf7e2ce16-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6bc23c62fd45de7aef17c6acf7e2ce16:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Technology Essay Paper

Organizational Structure Essays (1207 words) - Management

Organizational Structure Organizational Structure Andrea Guadiana MGT230 June 17, 2014 Jay Tusten Organizational Structure Zale Corporation is multifaceted and operates under more than one name. Zale is among the largest jewelry retailers of America. They sell diamonds, gemstones, Silver and Gold jewelry, watches and costume jewelry over 1,100 stores and over 600 kiosks. They also have stores operating in Puerto Rico and Canada. Zale targets the value-oriented type of customer and high quality products with phenomenal customer service. These are Gordon's Jewelers, the flagship chain Zales Jewelers, and Piercing Pagoda. They also have nearly 150 outlet stores. In Canada, they opened approximately 200 stores which are Peoples Jewellers and Mappins Jewellers. Zale also operates websites where they sell their jewelry online. They have six online retail brands. These include their main online store, zales.com and their discount store, zalesoutlet.com. Gordon Jewelers also operates online via gordonsjewelers.com. Canadas Peoples Jewellers and Piercing Pagoda also have their retails brands, peoplesjewellers.com and pagoda.com. Insurance is even offered for in-store and on-line purchases at an additional cost. Zales functional organizational structure is unique and different from the type of divisional structure of department stores such as JC Penny and Sears or the matrix type of organization of Wal-Mart. Zale's is owned and ran by a distinct group of executive directors. The group consists of the following: chief executive officer, chief administrative officer, executive vice president, chief merchant and sourcing officer, executive vice president, chief marketing officer, senior vice president of merchandise planning and allocation, senior vice president of financial products, senior vice president and chief information officer ,senior vice president and chief financial officer, senior vice president of supply chain, senior vice president and chief of stores officer, senior vice president of human resources and customer service, senior vice president of real estate, senior vice president and general manager of Piercing Pagoda. That is not all. Each Senior VP also has their individual te ams. Their teams include vice presidents, directors and their subordinates. Each employee is selected based on their skills, knowledge, and experience of the role they are hired to fill. One of Zales competitors, JC Penny (JCP) follows a different corporate structure. Their organization is more of a divisional type of structure. JCP has a board of directors. There are twelve executive directors; one executive for each division within the company. Each division consists of a marketing, finance, and operations department. Unlike Zale, JCP sells a plethora of different goods. An organization that uses a hybrid structure is Wal-Mart. A hybrid combines the key elements of a functional and divisional structure. Wal-Mart sells even more different types of good than JCP. Wal-Mart crossed the retail boundaries and offers consumers the convenience of having one store to do practically all of their shopping. A Wal-Mart customer has the option of buying groceries, electronics, jewelry, house wares, clothing, and even automotive goods. Wal-Marts organizational structure is unique because they do not have just one CEO, they have nine; one for each division. This includes 21 executives, and five Senior Presidents. Since Wal-Mart has a broad, global market, their divisions must be broken into areas of specialty with one leader per each division. Zales organization structure breaks down in to six departments, each with their different functions. The first of these is the merchandising department. The merchandising department has one Vice President and six merchant teams who carefully select which products get sent out to stores to be put on the shelves for customers to purchase. The second department is Sourcing. In the sourcing department there is one Vice President and two directors who each have a team. Sourcing deals mainly with manufacturing. This department keeps track of all orders as well as profits and losses, searches for and negotiates the lowest costs of components, and serves as the main line of communication between merchants and vendors. The next department is marketing. The marketing department consists of the vice president and two directors. Then there are eight additional employees that work underneath them. Although Zale serves a variety of demographics, yet maintaining a professional and polished appearance is very important to the company. Most of Zales advertising is done through mail, yet email communications are also used. The next department is finance.